Jean Watson Case Study - 1273 Words

Theory Application Case Study This case study is an illustration of the value of a theory-based nursing practice that can improve health and healing in stressful life circumstances, such as in the case of Elizabeth Jefferies is a divorced 46-year-old mother of two children, who is going through some life stressors/ challenges; psychological, physiology, and spiritual challenges. E.J.’s case study will be reviewed from the objective and feasible subjective data, identify relative nursing diagnoses, identify and establish outcomes with interventions, implement plan of care, and evaluation of the outcomes, as can be viewed in Appendix A, Figure 2. Also, presenting a middle range theory of care that can be used in E.J.’s scenario.†¦show more content†¦Also, her relocation has created long distance between the children and their father. Feasible Subjective Data E.J. is 46 year which placed her in the middle adulthood of Eric Erickson’s stages of psychological development; Generativity vs. Stagnation. The positive trait of this stage includes but not limited to establishing careers, have a settled relationship, family and developing a sense of being a part of an achievement. While the negative traits includes but not limited to stagnant and feel idle. (Wood et al., 2014). After reviewing E.J.’s objective data as stated above stating the distinct changes happening in her life at this given time. It will be reasonable to state that these changes may contribute to some feasible subjective data such as stress, fatigue, poor concentration, and change in coping mechanism. Nursing Diagnoses The nursing diagnosis for E.J. is ineffective coping related to situational crisis as manifested by the aforementioned objective data. The second nursing diagnosis is risk for caregiver role strain related to knowledge deficit regarding management of care for her patients, has multiple competing roles, and personal and social life is disrupted by demands of caregiving. The third nursing diagnosis is Risk for impaired parenting as related to Situational (Personal, Environmental),Show MoreRelatedJean Watson Theory Of Human Caring Case Study796 Words   |  4 PagesWatson Theory of Human Caring and its Relevance to Pain Management The Theory of Human caring is a middle range theory developed by Jean Watson with the focus on the relation between use of the clinical caritas processes and the building of a transpersonal caring relationship within the context of caring occasion and caring consciousness. The Theory of Human Caring honors the unity of the whole human being, while focusing on creating a healing environment (Watson, 2006). Watson had preference forRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Human Caring1361 Words   |  6 PagesJean Watson’s Theory of Caring is the model often used to guide and direct nursing care as well as to improve nursing practice through a better understanding of the role and function of the professional nurse. It is an important theory to the nursing world because it brings meaning and focus to nursing as an emerging discipline and distinct health profession that has its own unique values, knowledge, and practices. It is important to our group because we read an article on inferti le women in TurkeyRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Care1560 Words   |  7 PagesTHEORY OF CARE 2 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine how the theory of Jean Watson improves overall health and experience in the postoperative patient. The choice and rationale why this topic was selected is because of so many patients’ experience with their hospital stay after surgery. 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The purpose of this paper is to discuss what it means to be a leader, types, and characteristics of a leader, why it is important to have an effective leader, qualitiesRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Caring1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson introduced the Theory of Human Caring in 1985 through her book Nursing: Human Science and Human Care. Watson’s goal was â€Å"to present nursing as a distinct entity, a profession, a discipline and science in its own right, separate from, but complementary to, medicine† (Watson, 1985). Her theory was never stagnate and evolved over time with the changes of nursing. Watson’s theory began with the Carative factors, which guides the fundamentals of nursing. CarativeRead MoreChild Developmental Theories Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment theories that have been proposed by theorists and researchers. Jean Piaget: Cognitive Child Development Theories Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He was a specialist in child psychology, and elaborated a theory of progressive intellectual development. He developed the theory of cognitive psychology which characterized intelligence as the coordination of an organized intellectual system and the external world. Jean Piaget’s theory was based on how children think differently than adultsRead MorePsychology : The Influential Bunch1184 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology Module 1- Case Assignment October 18th, 2015 Dr. Wajama, Aslami The Influential Bunch Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the behavior and mental process of individuals. In psychology there are many different perspectives that are employed. In this paper, this student will identify a few influential psychologists that paved the road for modern psychology. John B. Watson was a pioneering figure in the development of the psychological school of behaviorism. 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The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 16 Free Essays

The rain was only a drizzle, and although it was nighttime, people were out and about. Scarlett had invited Cassie out tonight. Of course Cassie declined, but she wished she didn’t have to. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now That’s just what Cassie needed to clear her head – she needed to see other people, non-witches. She decided to drive into town. Even if she couldn’t join the crowds of people going about their normal lives, she could at least watch them from inside her Volkswagen. But she’d barely made it to Bridge Street when the light rain amplified to a hammering downpour. Everyone out on the streets scrambled for shelter inside restaurants and stores; some hovered within doorways and beneath overpasses. Cassie was dry and safe inside her car, and she felt like she was inside a snow dome that someone had shaken up, submerged by the shuddering rain on all sides but also untouched by it. And then she suddenly felt stripped of that safety. Her heart started to pound in her chest, and she began to sweat. She felt like she was being followed, but she didn’t see any cars behind her. She kept checking the rearview mirror, and all she saw was the wet darkness in her own back window. Still, she decided to take a detour, in hopes of shaking the feeling. With a sharp turn of the steering wheel, she veered onto Dodge Street, a secluded road that would lead her back to the turnpike. Cassie had to slow down to maneuver its many meandering curves, but when she stepped on the brake pedal, her foot emptily dropped to the floor. She tried again and again, but there was no use. Her brakes weren’t working. The car suddenly felt to her like it was speeding up, an angry vessel set on racing her to her death. She couldn’t stop it, and letting up on the gas pedal was only doing so much. Panicked, she gripped the steering wheel and tried to bear off to the side of the road, where maybe the grass would slow the car enough so she could jump out to safety. But the grass did nothing to reduce the acceleration. Cassie’s only chance was to jump out while the car continued full speed ahead. Panicked, she clutched the door handle and pushed the door open. But before she had the chance to leap to the ground, the car smashed right into a giant, thick-barked oak tree. She blacked out for a moment, maybe longer. When she opened her eyes, she saw she’d been thrown from the car, through the windshield. She checked her arms and legs to see if she could move them and searched her face for blood. Unbelievably, she was all right. But her car was totaled. Looking at it through the dark rain, it reminded Cassie of a crushed soda can, flimsily accordioned to the tree. It was a miracle to be alive. She stood up slowly, continuing to take inventory of her surroundings, and recognized that the evil feeling was gone. Whatever dark presence had been following her had disappeared, but Cassie couldn’t shake the feeling that this was no accident. She welled up with tears then. It wasn’t a miracle. It was the protection spell that had saved her. Cassie hated to do it, but she knew she had to. She checked her body and clothes for that awful ancient symbol. It reminded her of searching for deer ticks after a day out in the woods, except the consequences in this case meant ultimate death. She was relieved not to find one. Cassie may have nearly been killed tonight, but at least she hadn’t been marked. With shaking hands, Cassie pulled out her cell phone to call for help. But out in the middle of nowhere, she couldn’t get a signal. Cassie started to panic even more. She was stranded out here, a sitting target. Cassie never should have gone out alone, without telling anyone where she was going. She was naive to think the hunters wouldn’t come after her again the first chance they had. There was no escaping them. Cassie couldn’t stop shaking while she waited in the pouring rain, hoping a kind stranger would drive by. But every sound and shadow made her jump at the alternative, and she grew stiff as a silver car slowed to a stop before her. But then Cassie recognized the face inside. It was Scarlett. â€Å"Oh my goodness, are you all right?† Scarlett jumped out of her car and ran to Cassie, leaving the door open. â€Å"Are you hurt?† â€Å"I’m okay,† Cassie said, breathing a sigh of relief at a familiar face. Scarlett hugged her close to her chest, nearly as stupefied by the sight of the crushed car as Cassie was. â€Å"You could have been killed,† she said. â€Å"And you’re soaking wet!† She dashed to the trunk of her car and retrieved an enormous wool blanket. She wrapped it around Cassie and rubbed her arms until they warmed. Cassie was too freaked out by the accident to resist. â€Å"You’re okay,† Scarlett said in a voice as comforting as the thick wool around Cassie’s shoulders. â€Å"I’ll take you home.† The next day at school, everyone was talking about Cassie’s recent brush with death. It was like the accident brought her popularity points in a sick and twisted way. Even Portia Bainbridge made her way through the crowded hallway to catch a look at Cassie at her locker. She turned her thin nose up at Cassie and narrowed her cold hazel eyes. â€Å"So glad you didn’t mess up that pretty little face of yours when you flew through the windshield,† she said. The thought crossed Cassie’s mind: Could Portia have cut the brakes in her car, or was it one of her moose-head brothers? But Portia had retreated from messing with the Circle after their final blowout last fall. Since then she’d been distracted by a new boyfriend and barely seemed to think about much else. And her brothers, Jordan and Logan, were both at college. Cassie would have heard if they’d been back around the island. Just then, Sally Waltman stepped to Cassie’s side. A head shorter than Portia, Sally still crossed her wiry arms with the fierceness of a taller, stronger person. â€Å"She’s been through enough, Portia,† Sally said. â€Å"She doesn’t need your harassment on top of it.† Portia scowled. â€Å"Don’t forget which side you’re on, Sally. You don’t want to start being confused for one of them, or you might get hurt.† â€Å"Let it go already.† Sally forcefully took Portia by the arm and urged her away. â€Å"Come on, we’re going to be late,† she said, and shot Cassie a look of apology over her shoulder. Sally standing up to Portia meant a lot, considering she’d once been one of the Circle’s most hated enemies. If the group’s relationship with Sally could come this far, she didn’t see why they couldn’t be more accepting of other well-meaning Outsiders, like Scarlett. Not all of them were as vile as Portia. Why couldn’t the Circle see that? At lunch, the group gathered at their spot in the woods and grilled Cassie for details. She told them about the bad feeling that came over her just before the accident and how her brakes failed, but some details she kept to herself. She was exhausted, both physically and emotionally, and she couldn’t handle what their reaction would be if she told them about Scarlett showing up just after the crash. â€Å"But were there any clues about who the hunters were that did this?† Diana asked. â€Å"No,† Cassie said. â€Å"None.† â€Å"I saw Portia harassing you at your locker this morning,† Nick called out. â€Å"She’s been off our radar too long, I don’t trust it.† Diana looked doubtful but said, â€Å"It couldn’t hurt to consider Portia and her brothers possible suspects.† â€Å"And Sally Waltman,† Suzan said. Diana shook her head. â€Å"Sally’s been pretty straightforward with us. Of all the Outsiders, I think she’d be the least likely to want to hurt us.† â€Å"You guys are getting sidetracked,† Deborah said. â€Å"These hunters are strong. Whoever they are, they weren’t in town before now, or we would have known it.† Melanie agreed. â€Å"That ancient symbol didn’t come from any of our old schoolmates.† Adam had been pacing back and forth the way he always did when he was nervous. He hadn’t calmed down since he learned of the accident. â€Å"I still wish you could have called me,† he said to Cassie. â€Å"How’d you even get home?† Cassie hesitated. It was a simple question. There was no need for such a long pause, and the entire group picked up on it. Adam stiffened and turned accusingly to Nick. â€Å"Did she call you? Were you the one to drive her home?† Nick appeared blindsided by Adam’s accusation, but he quickly mirrored Adam’s aggressive posture with his own. â€Å"No, she didn’t. But I wish she had,† he said. â€Å"Stop it, both of you.† Cassie didn’t have a choice. She had to tell them the truth. â€Å"I didn’t call anyone to come pick me up.† She paused, not wanting to go on. Cassie looked down at her shoes. Run, she thought. Just run away from this awful moment. But there was nowhere to run to, and she knew it. Almost inaudibly she said, â€Å"Scarlett happened to drive by while I was stranded. She drove me home.† Adam shook his head, sidestepping Nick, who’d also dropped his bravado. Diana reached for a nearby tree to steady herself. They were speechless, but Faye had the words right at hand to announce what the whole group was thinking. â€Å"Oh, yeah,† she said. â€Å"Scarlett just happened to drive by, finding you in the middle of nowhere. What a lucky coincidence!† Cassie wasn’t having it. The last person she owed an explanation to was Faye. She stepped to her, boldly. â€Å"Why would she have helped me if she’d been the one trying to hurt me?† â€Å"You’re being stupid,† Deborah said, not holding back an ounce of disgust. â€Å"It can’t be a coincidence.† â€Å"She’s not being stupid,† Diana said. â€Å"Cassie’s just blinded. She wants to see the best in Scarlett.† â€Å"Exactly. Which is just plain stupid,† Deborah insisted. â€Å"No,† Cassie said. â€Å"Scarlett is innocent, I swear.† Diana frowned at her sympathetically. â€Å"I’m sorry, Cassie. But it’s too suspicious that Scarlett would just happen to know where you were last night after the accident. This appears to be the proof we’ve been looking for all along.† â€Å"It’s the principal,† Cassie shouted. â€Å"I can feel it in my bones.† Adam responded to Cassie softly, guardedly. â€Å"We haven’t been able to dig up a single suspicious thing on the new principal. He’s clean, Cassie.† Even Adam wasn’t willing to side with Cassie this time. She could plead with him, with all of them, all afternoon, but it was useless – they’d already made up their minds to not believe her. Cassie turned to Nick, desperately, thinking if anyone might back her up, it would be him. But Nick was stone-faced, unwilling to rebel against the status quo on this. Faye rose up and positioned herself in the middle of their huddle. â€Å"I say we go down to the docks after school and have a word with Scarlett.† â€Å"We should do the witch-hunter curse on her,† Deborah yelled out. Diana went to Faye’s side, crossed her arms over her chest, and nodded. â€Å"I agree,† she said. â€Å"Who’s with us?† An assemblage of hands went up. â€Å"But we should have a full Circle to do it. Otherwise we might not be strong enough.† Diana beheld Cassie in her gaze. â€Å"So are we a complete Circle or not?† Cassie turned to Adam. His eyes were filled with longing and love, urging her to trust them, to trust him. And she wanted to trust Adam, she really did. â€Å"Cassie,† Nick said. â€Å"If Scarlett’s not a hunter, the spell won’t work on her. This could be your chance to prove yourself right.† He smiled gently, giving a nod toward Diana and Adam. â€Å"And prove them wrong.† â€Å"That’s true,† Melanie said to Diana. â€Å"If we perform the curse on Scarlett and she’s not a hunter, then she’ll know what we are.† â€Å"I know that,† Diana said with confidence. Cassie raised her eyes to Diana’s. â€Å"You’re that sure,† she said, â€Å"that you’d be willing to expose the Circle to a harmless, good-intentioned Outsider.† â€Å"I’m that sure.† Diana stared back at Cassie without anger or hatred, but with utter conviction. â€Å"Then I’m with you,† Cassie said in a hushed tone, almost to herself. â€Å"We’ll go to the docks after school today.† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 16, Essay examples

Corrosion of Character Essay Example For Students

Corrosion of Character Essay Corrosion of CharacterFlexibilityFlexibility in the economy can be defined in numerous ways.According to Sennett to be flexible is to be able to adapt to changing circumstances and not to be broken by them. This idea of being able to adapt to changing circumstances can be applied quite easily to the economy and how we as a society or individual have to be accommodating and willing to change and roll with the punches. A few elements pertaining to flexibility are drifting, taking risks and possible failure. In order to be flexible you have to acknowledge that the three elements mentioned are possibilities upon which one might stumble. After all to get anywhere in this world, you have to be ready and willing to adapt to any circumstance in order to get by. In order to get by in the world today and especially the work place you have to be flexible. You have to be able to drift or move from one city or job to another with ease. This drifting and moving about is becoming more common in tod ays work place. Constant downsizing and the hunger for change causes people to drift (Sennett 22). The hunger for change, is described by Sennett as the desire for rapid returns or impatient capital (Sennett 22). The rapid return is ones expectation or wanting of more money as quick as possible. This urge for rapid returns causes people to seek out more profitable places of employment. This search for rapid returns requires people to be flexible in such a way as to be able to pack up and move and have no problems doing it. In a pure business sense, the flexibility in drifting is very ideal to the management. The management of today prefers a sort of flexibility along the lines of drifting. They want a networklike arrangement light on its feet (Sennett 23). This form in which businesses are taking make them readily decomposable and redefinable than the fixed hierarchies of old. In being able to be redefined a company is able to roll with the punches and make itself into whatever is necessary to accommodate the drifting workers and the ever-changing work place. It is in essence the perfect form in which a company can readily adapt to their surroundings (Sennett 23). This ability to adapt makes businesses able to receive the drifting workers such as Enrico( a character in the book) which shows how not only are the drifters being flexible but so are the business which makes then operate at a higher level of competence. Unfortunately not everyone can drift, some people find it a step to risky to take. This notion of risk is prominent in all aspects of life including the work place. Risk is defined as exposure to possible loss or injury in Websters dictionary. This definition can be readily applied to the notion of flexibility. In order to be flexible you have to succumb to the fact that loss of money or life or job is a possible outcome. Risk is an evident factor involved in flexibility. Risks and risk taking has become a daily necessity shouldered by the masses (Sennett 80). You have to take risks to be fully flexible and compliant with all moves including those involved with drifting. The fact that they are as prevalent as they are today goes to show how prevalent flexibility is and how it isnt something that always pays of as a rapid reward. Risk is also something that has been around for a while, it is used to symbolize bravado and confidence both of which are necessary components needed to be flexible (Sennett 81). Another way f looking at risk is as a gambling type of situat ion. .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 , .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .postImageUrl , .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 , .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1:hover , .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1:visited , .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1:active { border:0!important; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1:active , .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1 .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud73d06ca7ce73c1c92e2a4076b8311f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Aids (485 words) EssayAccording to Sennett risk is also regression to the mean. He says that each risk is similar to that of a roll of the dice. It is random, it might turn up being a good roll or a bad one. He says it is far from a narrative and how one event leads to another and so on. He says it is so random and unknown that it is essentially beyond ones control to seal his fate for sure

The Crucible - Witch Trials Essays (2528 words) - American Children

The Crucible - Witch Trials In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There are many theories as to why the witch trials came about, the most popular of which is the girls' suppressed childhoods. However, there were other factors as well, such as Abigail Williams' affair with John Proctor, the secret grudges that neighbors held against each other, and the physical and economic differences between the citizens of Salem Village. From a historical viewpoint, it is known that young girls in colonial Massachusetts were given little or no freedom to act like children. They were expected to walk straight, arms by their sides, eyes slightly downcast, and their mouths were to be shut unless otherwise asked to speak. It is not surprising that the girls would find this type of lifestyle very constricting. To rebel against it, they played pranks, such as dancing in the woods, listening to slaves' magic stories and pretending that other villagers were bewitching them. The Crucible starts after the girls in the village have been caught dancing in the woods. As one of them falls sick, rumors start to fly that there is witchcraft going on in the woods, and that the sick girl is bewitched. Once the girls talk to each other, they become more and more frightened of being accused as witches, so Abigail starts accusing others of practicing witchcraft. The other girls all join in so that the blame will not be placed on them. In The Crucible, Abigail starts the accusations by saying, "I go back to Jesus; I kiss his hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil!" Another girl, Betty, continues the cry with, "I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! I saw Goody Howe with the Devil!" From here on, the accusations grow and grow until the jails overflow with accused witches. It must have given them an incredible sense of power when the whole town of Salem listened to their words and believed each and every accusation. After all, children were to be seen and not heard in Puritan society, and the newfound attention was probably overwhelming. In Act Three of The Crucible, the girls were called before the judges to defend themselves against the claims that they were only acting. To prove their innocence, Abigail led the other girls in a chilling scene. Abby acted as if Mary Warren sent her spirit up to the rafters and began to talk to the spirit. "Oh Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; it's God's work I do." The other girls all stared at the rafters in horror and began to repeat everything they heard. Finally, the girls' hysterics caused Mary Warren to accuse John Proctor of witchcraft. Once the scam started, it was too late to stop, and the snowballing effect of wild accusations soon resulted in the hanging of many innocents. After the wave of accusations began, grudges began to surface in the community. Small slights were made out to be witchcraft, and bad business deals were blamed on witchery. Two characters in The Crucible, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam, argue early on about a plot of land. Corey claims that he bought it from Goody Nurse but Putnam says he owns it, and Goody Nurse had no right to sell it. Later, when Putnam's daughter accuses George Jacobs of witchery, Corey claims that Putnam only wants Jacobs' land. Giles says, "If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property - that's law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land!" Others also had hidden motives for accusing their neighbors. Once the accusations began, everyone had a reason to accuse someone else which is why the hangings got so out of hand. The wave of accusations can be likened to mass hysteria, in which the people involved are so caught up that they start having delusions of neighbors out to do them harm. One of the main

Free Essays on DISPOSITIONAL STRATEGY

The Dispositional Strategy assumes claims that personality is the set of enduring characteristics innate to the person. Each individual differs in the amount of each particular characteristic they possess; some may have no signs of a certain characteristic and meet all the criteria for another. The defining characteristics of our culture influence people greatly whether they are aware of it or not, they influence our sociability with others and the environment we live in. The majority of dispositional psychologists claim that an enduring disposition is a permanent, inherent element of personality; different from a state which is a temporary condition. Dispositions are not just habits, although they define who we are, they are in no way easy to define. A person’s disposition cannot be determined by observing several acts; their behavior must be stable over time. When I was assigned a random roommate, after just two days I thought she was an aggressive, snobby, typical sorority girl. Yet I could not label her correctly with a certain disposition after only 48 hours. I would have to watch her behavior over a course of time, wait for it to be stable, and then classify her. My first impression of her was completely wrong; once I got to know her I can correctly say she has a sweet, motherly, and proud disposition that I love. What she was like the first few days in our apartment was just a state, a temporary condition resulting from the fatigue and stress of moving in. Jackson, 2 Gordon Allport, the founder of the modern Dispositional Strategy, believed that psychological traits were real attributes of people that served to explain behavior and not just describe it. He spent nearly his entire career researching personality and trying to make sense if it. Allport said that the daunting task of â€Å"finding out what the other person is really like† is very difficult yet you should not throw in the towel. Allport made it easi... Free Essays on DISPOSITIONAL STRATEGY Free Essays on DISPOSITIONAL STRATEGY The Dispositional Strategy assumes claims that personality is the set of enduring characteristics innate to the person. Each individual differs in the amount of each particular characteristic they possess; some may have no signs of a certain characteristic and meet all the criteria for another. The defining characteristics of our culture influence people greatly whether they are aware of it or not, they influence our sociability with others and the environment we live in. The majority of dispositional psychologists claim that an enduring disposition is a permanent, inherent element of personality; different from a state which is a temporary condition. Dispositions are not just habits, although they define who we are, they are in no way easy to define. A person’s disposition cannot be determined by observing several acts; their behavior must be stable over time. When I was assigned a random roommate, after just two days I thought she was an aggressive, snobby, typical sorority girl. Yet I could not label her correctly with a certain disposition after only 48 hours. I would have to watch her behavior over a course of time, wait for it to be stable, and then classify her. My first impression of her was completely wrong; once I got to know her I can correctly say she has a sweet, motherly, and proud disposition that I love. What she was like the first few days in our apartment was just a state, a temporary condition resulting from the fatigue and stress of moving in. Jackson, 2 Gordon Allport, the founder of the modern Dispositional Strategy, believed that psychological traits were real attributes of people that served to explain behavior and not just describe it. He spent nearly his entire career researching personality and trying to make sense if it. Allport said that the daunting task of â€Å"finding out what the other person is really like† is very difficult yet you should not throw in the towel. Allport made it easi...

Bread & Roses

Bread & Roses Essay â€Å"It is bread we fight for, but we fight for roses too. † This quote, originally in a poem written by a man named James Oppenheim, embraced a fierce social movement created by large number distraught textile workers who eventually created what we now know as the â€Å"Bread & Roses Strike†. This strike proudly showed the lengths one working under such unruly conditions would go in order to achieve respect, better working conditions, and enough food to feed their families. The book, â€Å"Bread and Roses†, written by Bruce Watson, is a novel concerning textile workers living in Lawrence, Massachusetts in the year 1912. Potential workers flocked to the city of Lawrence to better their lives, many of which soon realized posters and advertisements beckoning them to join in and share the city’s wealth did not prove to be as true as they claimed. Bruce Watson illustrates the working conditions of textile workers during this time period and proves as a reminder that during times of struggle, you gain your rights. Effective January 1, 1912, a new law was passed reducing the numbers of hours one could work. The workers wouldn’t have had a problem with this reduction if there was no cut in pay, but there was. That seemingly small pay cut, for multiple families, proved to become a financial splinter in their lives as they struggled day after day to keep food and warmth circulating throughout their already-small homes. Bread & Roses. (2017, Jan 27).

Reasons for and Effects of Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reasons for and Effects of Exercise - Essay Example Whatever the reasons for exercising, one thing is for sure-- people are influenced and driven by their circumstances. Every individual exercises for one or various reasons and it could be clearly seen that such effect has always has a cause. This paper will look even deeper at what causes people to exercise such as physical fitness, emotional and psychological health as well as strength and stamina. Furthermore, it will also examine the results such as healthier body, mind and emotions. With the rise of the influence of the entertainment industry among different groups of people, exercise has become a focus among many individuals. Entertainers often portray that a skinny body is more desirable to the opposite sex than a plump one so that most people desire to have the former form of body structure. Regardless of gender, people want to look thin because they are more attractive that way. However, with the fast-paced lifestyle of most people nowadays, it is really difficult to maintain a lean body because of the oil and carbohydrate contents of the fast foods available to busy people. As a result, people tend to engage more in exercise to burn the fats and stay slim. In fact, more and more exercise gurus are getting popular because of the different exercise regimens they introduce to entertainment personalities who in turn advertise them when they successfully achieve and maintain the figure they desire through such programs. Those who religiously stick to their schedules of exercise often get their desired outcomes. They do lose weight and have leaner bodies which are indeed more attractive to look at. As a result, they are able to attract the attention of the opposite sex even more than those who do not engage in exercise. Females tend to have smaller waistlines and flatter stomachs. Men on the other hand build more muscles which make them look more manly and desirable. Their big muscles make them look strong and able. In addition, they also get rid of the beer belly which is often common among older men. Therefore, it could be said that one of the reasons for exercise is to achieve a desired body and the result would be successful in the case of a person who diligently exercises. Another reason, perhaps a better and more objective logic for engaging in exercise is physical health. As mentioned earlier, people exercise to get rid of the excess and unwanted fats. Indeed, they get slimmer as a result. However, in effect, they also get stronger and healthier bodies because during the process, those who exercise sweat as a result of the physical activity. It is popularly known that when one sweats, he excretes bodily wastes and toxins that make a person unhealthy. Therefore, exercise does not only make one get thinner but healthier as well. In addition, physical exercise helps regulate the heart’s functions. When one gets tired through physical activity, his heart beats faster and therefore, indirectly, the heart is exercised. This hel ps the blood flow more smoothly as well because the fats in the veins melt as the body temperature rises. The aforementioned is the reason why most doctors recommend exercise regimens to most patients especially those who are suffering from heart problems. Such diseases are often observed among obese people. It may be rude to tell an obese patient to exercise however doctors can be wise enough to educate patients about how the heart functions and how exercise makes it become healthier. Studies show that when fats are in excess, they can cover the heart, making it difficult to pump blood. As a result, the heart is weakened and complications such as stroke and heart attack occur. However, through exercise, such health problems are

Does specialization must lead to an evolutionary dead end Term Paper

Does specialization must lead to an evolutionary dead end - Term Paper Example The term ‘specialist’ refers to organisms that are adapted to a narrow range of environmental conditions and thus occupy one extreme of the adaptation band. On the other end are ‘generalists’, which are able to utilize a wider range of environmental conditions. Factors such as â€Å"jack of all, master of none† and freedom from natural enemies, have been used to justify the prevalence of specialists, however; it has also been postulated that in spite of these advantages, specialization would gradually lead to loss of genetic variations, thus disabling capacity of adaptation to altered set of environmental conditions. These factors would eventually lead to extinction of a specialized organism, a theory first put forward by Cope IN 1896 and termed â€Å"law of the unspecialized† (Kelly and Farrel, 1998). Another implication of this concept is that the specialists are derived from generalists and the change is irreversible. This theory has been ch allenged by larger number of recent studies, and the evidences contradicting the implications of this theory are mounting. These evidences have proved that either no directionality exists in the evolution of specialists and generalists or that the generalists have evolved from specialist ancestors (Stireman III, 2005). In either case specialization definitely does not lead to an evolutionary dead end. That this trend is not an exception or restricted to a few taxa, is evidenced by the fact that such reports are available for organisms belonging to varied phyla including angiosperms, insects, fishes, mammals and microorganisms. This paper aims to prove that specialization does not definitely lead to an evolutionary dead end using evidences from relevant researches on floral plants, parasites, and mammals. As further evidence of this concept a plausible mechanism through which transition of specialist to generalist has been reported to occur will also be discussed. II. EVIDENCES FROM FLORAL PLANTS Floral plants depend on various species acting as pollen vectors for the completion of their reproductive cycle. Thus pollen biology is an integral part of study of evolution of floral plants. Darwin had stressed the importance of the role of pollen vectors in the reproduction of floral plants and its ecological and evolutionary significance (Harder and Aizen, 2010). Specialization of plants in context to their pollination apparatus and pollinators has major impact on the diversification of the species and is of paramount significance in its sympatric reproductive isolation, even leading to speciation (Gegear and Burns, 2007). Cope’s law has been traditionally applied to pollination biology as well and the hypothesis that specialized pollination systems have evolved from ancestral generalized systems has been accepted unchallenged. This has neither been established nor studied. However, among the recent reports challenging the universality of Cope’s law, some belong to highly specific dependence of floral plants and their pollination vectors. The genera Ruellia with approximately 300 species is characterized by diverse floral morphology and varied pollinators namely bees, hummingbirds, hawk moths, bats, butterflies etc.

All About Me Letter Essay Example for Free

All About Me Letter Essay My favorite sports are football and basketball. I play the recorder. I participated in football for three years and basket ball for one year. I played the recorder for one year in the fourth grade and earned all the belts for each skill level. On the other hand I don’t like to read what so ever, but I’m going to improve my reading this year. I don’t like to read because I fall asleep as soon as I begin to read books. The books that I like are adventurous and action-packed books because they interest me so I won’t fall asleep. These kinds of books stimulate my imagination and help me visualize the story. In order to keep me interested in reading I would like to have audio or graphics books. I did great academically last year as I made A’s and B’s. My academic goals this year are to make straight A’s and to receive scores above 900 on the CRCT. Considering that I do not like to read, it’s hard for me to brainstorm ideas and write an essay. Therefore, I do not think of myself as a good writer, as I prefer digital images to awaken my creativity. The few times that I must write, I like to write narratives about my family vacations in new places. Narratives allow me to express my emotions. Unfortunately, brainstorming ideas causes me to have headaches that turn me off from writing. I hope to learn how to overcome this obstacle and improve my writing skills. In conclusion, you can help me achieve my academic goals by suggesting some action-packed or adventurous book titles for me to enjoy reading. I learn best by following examples and listening to instructions. The activities you can help me with are reading and sentence-structure in writing assignments. I welcome the opportunity to learn from your expertise. Sincerely, Phillip Harrington Phillip Harrington

Essay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Bladerunner -- Movie Film com

Similarities between Frankenstein and Bladerunner    Many similarities can be found between Mary Shelley's 1816 novel, Frankenstein and the 1982 movie Bladerunner . The number of similarities between these two works, created more than two hundred years apart, is staggering. A cursory look at both works reveals these similarities: Both stories feature a very intelligent person trying to play God through the creation of life. Both of the creatures were subsequently mistreated by their maker and society as a whole. In both stories, the audience is left feeling greater sympathy for the monster than for the creator. Both stories contain a very intelligent creator who seems unaware of the forces that they are dealing with. They are both fascinated with human life and wish to create it themselves. Victor Frankenstein states, "One of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my attention was the structure of the human frame, and, indeed, any animal endued with life. Whence, I often asked myself did the principle of life proceed?"(pg. 51) Both creators share a fascination with where life proceeds from. Is it merely intellect? Or, as in the case of Bladerunner, are emotions the defining element of human life. Both creators are expressly interested in creating a life form equal to human and Tyrell even wishes to create a life form superior to man. Both stories share a central theme, that the acquirement too much knowledge is dangerous. Throughout Frankenstein, the reader is left with the feeling that Victor's obsessive desire to defeat nature, through the creation of another life, directly led to the many tragedies that befell him, "Learn from me, if not by my precept, at least by my example, how dangerous is the ac... ...g detail of its execution." (pg 219). Roy expresses to Tyrell that he has done undesirable things during his life that were caused because of his desire to live longer than his allotted four years. Both monsters express their longing to remain alive. Even though life has not been fair to them and fait dealt them a cruel hand, these creatures still cling to life dearly, "Life, although it may only be an accumulation of anguish, is dear to me, and I will defend it.." (pg 100) Lastly both Frankenstein's monster and Roy Baty state what it means to be a slave, one to his envy and rage, and the other to a human race that spurns him. "..but I was the slave, not the master, of an impulse, which I detested, yet could not disobey...Evil thence forth became my good." Works Cited Shelley, M. (1969). Frankenstein (12th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.   

My Ride Along Essay

My ride along wasn’t at all that exciting. It had a boring officer who seemed to not really want to have someone with him at the time. I did make the most of the time I had while I was there. I was very observant of the things that I saw around Polk county. For instance, the north side of Lakeland was more ghetto than the south side. It was completely noticeable just by how the business were kept and the type of stores that they have. We drove around a few times just to make sure nothing crazy was going on and kept it moving. I’m not one to force the issue of trying to start conversation. I can continue to sit in silence with is pretty much what was happening unless there was a call on the radio dispatch. One thing I can say is that if I ever became a cop and I was doing patrol I would need to have a partner, because I know I would go insane by myself for all types of hours of the night. I like having company and I know that I am more prone to being more aware when I ha ve someone to talk with, yet they also know we have a job to do. I’m a very sociable person when it comes to meeting people and doing things so for it to have been as quiet as it was, I felt awkward. I want to be able to talk and get to know a person, I just wouldn’t do that by myself. I liked the experience though to be able to patrol the city. I just wish it had more action in it. I got the boring ride it seems like compared to what everyone else in my class was talking about with their ride along. The way I thought my ride along was going to go was completely different. I thought I would show up like I was supposed to and I would get a patrol officer who was actually excited about having a student around for a ride along. I wanted to be able to watch the officer have to chase someone on foot and I just stand by and watch as he arrest the person and confiscate the drugs or whatever it is that they found on the person. After that, I figured we would drive around some more and stop and get coffee,we did that, and do some more patrolling. The later the night got I thought we would find some young kids out smoking or drinking underage and we would call in backup to get the group of kids off the streets and stop them from doing the nonsense that they thought was cool. After riding around I figured I would be able to talk about what I was getting my degree in criminal justice for. The talk would have gone pretty good and I would get a good insight as to what goes through  a patrol officers mind as to who they want to arrest and who they don’t want to arrest due to the significance of the situation. After all that, we would stop and get a bite to eat somewhere talk with some of the people wherever we decided to stop and get food just to have some random conversation and make everyone feel safer and confident in what their law enforcement was doing that night. I would get dropped off and go home. If that was the way my ride along would have went I would have felt a lot better and been able to be more enthusiastic about my ride along, but as you can see none of the even happened for me.

Enviromental Issues

These are a few of many environmental issues that are faced in the Coastal Plains, the Western Cordillera, and the Arctic today. The Coastal Plains has many issues that need to be addressed. The Coastal Plains is a flat, low-lying area of land which is beside the sea coast.It stretches smoke along the Ignited States and Mexico. It varies in climate depending on the region. For example in the north, it is defined by snowy and cold winters although in the summer it is hot and humid. In the southern part of the coastal plains it is sub-tropical, which means the winters are usually mild and warm. One of the many environmental issues in the Coastal Plains is urban sprawl (overpopulation). The Texas plains has expanded in population by 1 19% from 1970-90. The consequences of this are a large amount of carbon oxide being emitted into the atmosphere caused by cars and factories.This also contributes to the climate change in the planet and global warming. Along with this, sea levels are risin g and tropical storms/hurricanes are becoming more apparent. A solution to this issue is less usage of cars. If we could use fewer cars and start using more public transportation such as bikes and buses, we could put less carbon dioxide into the environment. We can't fix the overpopulation issue but at least bringing awareness could possibly make a difference. Overall, the Coastal Plains is a beautiful area that needs to have these issues fixed or bringing more awareness to the public.The Western Cordillera is a region in North America with environmental issues that can affect us greatly in the future. The Western Cordillera goes along the west coast of North America. It contains numerous mountains that haven't been worn down by erosion. The climate is usually mild but mostly it is very wet. The issues the Western Cordillera is climate change and clear cutting. Climate change affects this region by impacting future water resources. The jack of snow caused by climate change could mak e water more scarce in the future.Clear cutting is also a severe issue. Clear cutting is when you cut down an entire forest until nothing is left. Consequently, salmon bearing streams are also affected too. The solutions the water issue is less uses of personal transportation. By using fewer cars we can reduce the amount of greenhouse gases and which equals slower effects of global warming. The clear cutting issue can be fixed by regulating what trees can be cut. Cutting the old trees instead of the new growth could help the environment.However, the economy situation would make these possible solutions a challenge to follow. The Arctic could negatively change the Earth if we don't fix the severe issues that are happening at this moment. The Arctic region is a combination of lowlands and mountains. The climate is very severe since because it is not close to the equator. Summers are very short and winter dominates most months. Iron socially, the arctic is a desert because of the littl e amount of precipitation. The Arctic has been very vulnerable to effects of global warming.The Arctic temperatures were raised more than twice than usual over the past century. This can lead to higher sea levels which could possibly be a disaster. Another thing that can happen is the extinction of Arctic animals. With less ice in the region, polar bears have a harder time finding food to eat and then they unfortunately die of starvation. The solution to this issue isn't really possible. Again, using less fossil fuel could possibly help. Possibly bringing awareness about the issue could bring public pressure to the government to do something.However, until that would happen, we can only see the effects climate change has on this region In conclusion, the Coastal Plains, the Western Cordillera, and the Arctic have serious environmental issues that can permanently change the world. The one thing that all of these regions have in common is that they are all effected by climate change/g lobal warming. We can't necessarily stop it but we can do our part to help these regions by not overly using personal transportation and emitting a lot of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Overall, these regions can negatively affect us unless we do something to change it.

Growing Up With Ghosts Essay

Growing Up With Ghosts Essay Growing Up With Ghosts Essay Growing Up With Ghosts In The Woman Warrior, Kingston explores the hardships of growing up in early 19th century American society. Although race is an important factor, gender is an even more prominent element in this story. Kingston descriptions vary in the story, from vague to vivid, depending on the nature of the story she is telling. In juxtaposing her day-to-day troubles with the lives of the women her mother tells her about, Kingston paints a clear picture of the pressures involved with growing up in a Chinese family living in a foreign country and how it shaped her character. â€Å"You must not tell anyone.† These words seem to echo in Kingston’s head whenever she thinks of her aunt colloquially known as â€Å"No Name Woman†. Although very little is known about her outside of her birthing an illegitimate child, having the family house burn down, and jumping in a well with her newborn infant, Kingston’s imagination extends the story beyond a simple tale about a promiscuou s woman. One of her fantasies portrays her aunt as the victim of rape, unable to speak about the incident or explain her sudden pregnancy. Another fantasy depicts her aunt as one who harbors a slowly blossoming passion, attempting to attract a man's attention by carefully tending to her appearance. We never find out which is the truth, nor did the village in which her aunt belonged to, but their reaction was all the same. Considering the sensitivity of the matter, Kingston’s speculation represents a step outside of the traditional norm. Her fantasizing about the events of the past, whether it was an attempt to satisfy herself or to find out what really happened to her aunt, represents a challenge to the concept of the traditional Chinese woman. The consequences of her aunt’s actions reverberate in Kingston’s head throughout the story, causing her to thoroughly consider her behavior and role in society. Kingston does not accept that her aunt was an open woman, but clearly the story plays an important role in her life. She believes that it was wrong for her aunt to give in to her sexual desires. However, the reason she believes it was wrong is because it caused an uproar, threatening village stability and order. In reality, it seems as though she would like to go on dates and socialize, but the image of her aunt’s ghost wandering hopelessly asking other ghosts for some of their food seems too powerful to shake. Consequently, she fears being too attractive. The story of the woman warrior is a less touchy subject. She is someone Kingston could freely aspire to – someone who was not the traditional Chinese wife – without the fear of being criticized. Still however, gender comes into play, as the only reason Mu Lan was not criticized is because she did it â€Å"for family†. This aspect of the traditional Chinese woman entails even someone as great as the mythical woman warrior. Despite this, Kingston regards her with nothing but admiration. Sayings like â€Å"Girls are maggots in the rice.† and â€Å"It is more profitable to raise geese than daughters.† depress and anger her. But Mu

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 17

Leadership - Essay Example In our daily life, we often play the role of a leader whether or not we realize this. In this paper, I have analyzed my own style of leadership that prevails in a particular context. This paper first describes the scenario in which I have analyzed my style of leadership followed by a comprehensive discussion of the identified style of leadership. I used to play in a rock band as a lead guitarist. There were five members in my group. We used to record songs and I used to take active part in that activity. I used to tell my group members my opinions regarding the songs as well as their lyrics. Since our group also made songs, and I have good sense of poetry, I helped my group write the lyrics of the songs. Even now when my friends make a new song and record it, the first person they send its copy for a review and necessary alteration is me. This is because they believe in my abilities as a lyricist and trust me that I would give them honest advice. When I give advice, they change the songs accordingly. In the situation described above in which I help my friends in writing the lyrics of the songs or help them modify the lyrics they have written to make the songs perfect, I play the role of a servant leader. Robert Greenleaf coined the term â€Å"servant leader† in the 1970’s. Servant leader is a person that may not necessarily be formally identified as a leader. When an individual working at any level in an organization leads just by addressing the needs of the team, that person essentially plays the role of a servant leader. In my case, I used to meet the needs of my friends by giving them useful advice regarding their songs. Although by doing so, I helped them yet I was never recognized as a leader perhaps because I was their age and a friend to them. This made me their servant leader. A servant leader resembles a democratic leader in many ways since in such a leadership, the whole team plays a role in the decision-making. In my case, when I

Assessment of Nursing Care Using Simulation Essay

Assessment of Nursing Care Using Simulation - Essay Example Below is a detailed explanation the students’ competencies that simulations can evaluate and how the evaluation and assessment would be carried out. The first competence that simulations in nursing can assess is the communication skills of the nursing students. Good communication skills are a vital quality that should be possessed by every nurse who claims to be professional. Simulation can be used to track the improvements made by nurses with regard to communication skills because according to Gaba (2004), simulation is also a tool that improves the students' communication skills. Gaba’s sentiments were seconded by some recent researches done by Kameg et al. (2010). If simulations can be used to improve the communication skills of the student nurses, then they sure can be structured to also assess every individual nurses’ communication skills and any improvement they might portray over their learning period. The simulation used in this manner can be an important tool for nurses’ assessment. It is important to note that assessment can also be made by the students who may want to evaluate their communication skills and their progress over time by tracking their performance in various simulated tests. Simulation can also be used to assess the nursing skills of a nursing student. Simulation in the nursing field started with an objective of instilling psychomotor techniques into aspiring nurses but later broadened its boundaries to incorporate the use of skills in certain nursing related areas.

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological Essay

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological attack by a non-state actor - Essay Example One of the reasons why that is so is that very few cases of the individuals or groups in possession of the biological weapons have conventionally been identified. Nevertheless, a review of the practices and trends of the non-state actors in the past provides a very subjective idea of the tendency of the contemporary non-state actors to cause harm to the society through the biological weapons, given there has occurred a noticeable increase in the body of knowledge about the harmful effects of the pathogenic micro-organisms for humans over the decades. Even though, to the extent that the review of the historic cases is beneficial for understanding the current trends and capabilities of the non-state actors, one historic cases of the biological attack carried out by the non-state actors successively in 1984 is discussed in this paper. Using the pathogenic micro-organisms as a destructive tool exposes both the society and the non-state actors to various kinds of challenges. This paper an alyzes the extent to which the non-state actors involved in the biological attacks are a threat to the society. The most popular biological attack in the history of the USA was made in 1984 by a religious cult Rajneeshees that stole an Oregon-based country election. The Rajneeshees lived in the rural Wasco County and had become politically strong in Antelope, a small town whose name was thus changed to Rajneesh.

Zizeks Concept Of Two Revolutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Zizeks Concept Of Two Revolutions - Essay Example Zizek’s work has been criticised for inconsistency and Parker argues that â€Å"there is no Zizekian system of philosophy because Zizek, with all his inconsistencies, is trying to make us think much harder about what we are willing to believe and accept from a single writer† (Parker, 2004, p.120). Indeed, to this end Zizek argues himself that we should constantly challenge our ideologies and philosophies. This is particularly evident with Zizek’s extrapolations pertaining to the concept of the two revolutions as highlighted by his discussion in â€Å"Revolution at the Gates, A Selection of Writings from February to October 1917† (Edited by Zizek, 2002). To this end, it is submitted at the outset that at the heart of Zizek’s argument for the necessity of two revolutions is the idea that the first revolution challenges the pre-existing form and the second revolution ensures that the form itself is revolutionised to attain the true purpose of the intended objectives of the â€Å"revolution† in what Zizek terms the â€Å"utopia†. Directly correlated to Zizek’s perception of the two revolutions is the use of Lenin as a symbol to highlight the flaws of traditional social theory highlighting historical circumstance and context as the significant causal triggers for revolution.

Ecosystem Services In Human Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

Ecosystem Services In Human Systems Environmental Sciences Essay Ecosystem services in human-environment systems: What is the problem? Ecosystems deliver goods and services of enormous value to the human society (Pearce and Moran, 1994; Costanza et al., 1997; Daily, 1997). However, intensive land and water use, extraction of natural resources, and chemical emissions into the environment lead to a worldwide degradation of biodiversity and of the supporting services, provisioning services, regulating services and cultural services which ecosystems provide (Hooper et al., 2005; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005b). On a global scale the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005b) found that 60% of global ecosystem services (ES) surveyed are currently being degraded or used unsustainably. Future scenarios are promising no relieve. Only the projected doubling of food consumption for the next 50 years (Tilman et al., 2002), in combination with the growing demand for biofuels and other biophysical products will challenge decision-makers dealing with ecosy stem management worldwide. They need to optimize ecosystems with respect to multiple needs. Climate change has even intensified the dynamics of this human-environment interaction (McCarthy et al., 2001). Ecosystem services are defined as functions of ecosystems with value for human well-being. Thus the concept of ecosystem services, establishes a relationship between ecosystem service suppliers (the producers) and demanders for ecosystem services (the beneficiaries). Those supply-demand interaction can be distinguished on three levels: i) upstream downstream relations, ii) north south relations and iii) poor rich relations. i) Because of topographical complexity and altitudinal gradients mountain ecosystems are particularly sensitive to global change compared to the lowland (Becker et al., 2007; Bugmann et al., 2007). Socio-economic vulnerability to loss of ecosystem services tends also to be higher because of generally more difficult socio-economic conditions in mountains. But also the lowlands are influenced by undesired changes in mountain areas, because of their importance for biodiversity and for providing ecosystem services. Downstream actors benefit from the supply of upstream ecosystems with respect to clean water, flood control, reduced sedimentation, scenic beauty and many more positive mountainous ecosystem services. ii) Similarly, pressure on ecosystem services is high in the south because of continuous land use change, land degradation and impacts of climate change. Until now, such damages to ecosystems services are not sufficiently taken into account in the environmental decisions along the global value chains linking consumer, retailer, processor, and producer in the north and the south. Fair trade is a first step into this direction, but global trade basically masks the constraints of regional ecosystems. To increase the ecological transparency and foster sustainable ecosystem management, the involved public and private actors need to develop, improve and use instruments for ecological assessment and management of global value chains damaging regional ecosystem services. Lately ideas have been developed for international payments for ecosystem services and international biodiversity off-sets (see for a review in German or French language Koellner and Engel, 2008b; Koellner and Engel, 2008a). iii)In both cases mentioned before the relationship between upstream-downstream and north-south are potentially equivalent to a poor-rich relationship. Especially in developing countries with weak environmental legislation and enforcement, the activities of the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, but also oil, gas and mining) lead to deforestation, cause severe damages to biodiversity and finally limit the capacity of ecosystems to deliver bundles of services at the landscape scale to the local people. This is especially objectionable, if biotic resources are produced unsustainably in poor countries in the south and exported to rich countries in the north with strict environmental regulation, but only for the own territory. I am not saying that global trade per se is bad for the environment, but innovative solutions are needed if the poor are affected, because they cannot buffer losses of ecosystem services with purchased human-made services. To replace missing legislation pro-poor payments for ecosystem services were discussed in the past (Landell-Mills and Porras, 2002; Duraiappah, 2006; Ravnborg et al., 2007; Bulte et al., 2008; Proctor et al., 2008; Tallis et al., 2008). To successfully manage such supply-demand relations for ecosystem services under pressure of global change requires a collaboration of science and practice. New strategies for local, regional and global management of ecosystems are necessary, which are based on ecosystem services quantification; design of finance, policy and governance systems; and the implementation of those in various biophysical and social contexts (Daily and Matson, 2008). Within this general framework the three main objectives of my habilitation thesis on Ecosystem Services in Human-Environment Systems are Part A) to model land use and its impact on biodiversity and ecosystems and their services Part B) to analyze the decision-making that drives supply and demand for ecosystem services, and Part C) to explore the ecosystem impact of the financial sector national and international payments for ecosystem services (PES) and their linkages to the financial sector. In this introduction I reflect first the recent discussion about the definition of ecosystem services. Then I develop a general framework to organize research on ecosystem services. Finally, for each of the three objectives I provide a short review of existing research and describe my contribution to fill the gap. What are ecosystem services? Much confusion about their definition. Daily (1997) and the contributing authors from natural and social sciences introduced the term and concept of ecosystem services in order to stress the dependency of human-well being on nature. This milestone work defines ecosystem services on page 3 as follows: Ecosystem services are the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up sustain and fulfill human life. They maintain biodiversity and the production of ecosystem goods, such as seafood, forage, timber, biomass fuels, natural fiber, and many pharmaceuticals, industrial products, and their precursors. (Daily, 1997, page 3). In this definition ecosystem goods and biodiversity are an output of natural functions in sensu de Groot (1992). Interestingly, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MA (2005b) skips the distinction between tangible ecosystem goods. It defines ecosystem services broadly as the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. It does distinguish supportive services (like nutrient cycling and soil formation), provisioning services (like food, fresh water and fibers), regulating services (like erosion control or water purification), and cultural services (like provision of opportunities for recreation and spiritual or historical purposes). That means what is a good under the definition of Daily is in the MA defined as an ecosystem services. Exactly around this issue, there is currently a scientific debate ongoing (see Boyd, 2007; Boyd and Banzhaf, 2007; Wallace, 2007; Costanza, 2008; Fisher and Turner, 2008; Wallace, 2008).

Integration and Animal Farm by Orwell :: Free Essay Writer

Integration and Animal Farm by Orwell Integration of Education in the United States Throughout history, education is recognized as one of the key components of any civilized society. It is a natural instinct for man to learn, and feel the need to pass on that knowledge to their young and to all those who come behind them. People have a passion for education, and will fight for the opportunity to gain the valuable knowledge that education provides. The importance of education in a society is illustrated in two aspects. The first being the actual events in American history regarding the desegregation of schools, and the second being the action of the animals in George Orwell's Animal Farm upon receiving their liberation on Manor Farm. In recent times we have witnessed a struggle in American society for the opportunity of minorities to realize the education that their white counterparts received. It began with slavery, when blacks were prohibited from obtaining even the basic skills to read and write. When blacks were finally allowed this liberty, we began our own makeshift schools, and were content with this opportunity. As time progressed, and more formal schools were established, minorities realized that they were not receiving the same quality education as those of the majority. This sparked a legal battle that lasted over fifty years. The first landmark was the case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. It established the doctrine of "separate but equal." This concept stated that separate public facilities of equal quality do not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. This amendment says that no state may "abridge" the privileges of any citizen, nor may any stat e deprive any citizen of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law. In 1954, fifty-eight years later, the Case of Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka finally settled the debate of whether or not blacks and whites can receive an education integrated with or separate from each other. This time the Supreme Court unanimously ruled to overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. In his opinion, the Chief Justice wrote, "We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The Brown case signaled the end of segregation of public places mandated by law.

Organizational Culture Essay

This essay/assignment is a solution paper on Organizational Culture. It reviews the Hofstede Model and Schein Model as well as tries to understand the the dynamics which influences the occupational cultures. This is a sample paper. The definition of culture remains quite ambiguous with researchers assessing it utilising different methodologies. The common understanding of culture is a way of doing things, or the norm by which a society organizes its tasks. However, the terminology tends to be classified more distinctly when looked upon in the aspect of organizations and their systems of performing actions. Two of the most prominent researchers on this aspect of organizational behaviour are Geert Hofstede and Edgar Schein. Each has presented the concept of organizational culture using a paradigm based on the values and thinking exhibited by the workers of an organization, but has assessed different levels of adaptation and integration that bind this aspect of culture. According to Hofstede, ‘culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one group from another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values’. On the other hand, Schein has taken a slightly different approach and states ‘culture is the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization that operate unconsciously and define in a basic â€Å"taken for granted† fashion an organization’s view of its self and its environment’. The common notion among researchers is that every organization exhibits certain values and norms in the business environment and a company will likely end up portraying two things; organizational culture and corporate culture. The former is based on what the company ‘is’, while the latter principle is an embodiment of the vision and character of the company, making up what a company ‘has’. Both Schein and Hofstede showed similarities in their presentation of the concept of organizational culture by applying a focus on the mental assumptions that shape the ideology of culture and give rise to the norms and values that end up being regarded as the primary character of an organization. However, the anthropological approach adopted by them towards organizational culture varied greatly. Hofstede favoured the ‘etic’ or dimensional approach, where the description of behaviour is very neutral and can be applied to various cultures. A key reasoning for this is the linkage he presented between the national culture  prevalent in the business environment that an organization operates in, and its resulting effects on the shaping of the norms that are applied by the organization itself. On the other hand, Schein looked upon organizational behaviour with an ‘emic’ approach, describing the dimensions that affected companies by viewing it from the aspect of a person within the culture. Hofstede undertook an extensive research process within IBM, to understand the behaviour it and its employees exhibited across the many offices it had in the world. His ideology was that organizational behaviour was greatly influenced by national and regional cultural groupings. The conclusion from the research conducted allowed Hofstede to present five characteristics of culture that he believed were exhibited by organizations in one way or form across the world. These included power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity, long vs. short term orientation, and individualism vs. collectivism. Schein’s organizational model looked at culture from the standpoint of an observer and presented three levels to describe the complex workings involved in a company. At the first level were the observable artefacts, pointing to those attributes which could be seen, heard or felt by the observer. The second level was the exposed values, which referred to the professed culture of the organization by its members. At the third level lie tacit assumptions, which are made up of the unseen elements of culture of an organization that become the unspoken rules of the company. While Hofstede’s model of organization culture relies on the tried and tested ideology of cultural theorists by underlying the determination of culture in an organization from core values and assumptions of a given national culture, Schein’s model brings about more functionality to the subject area by delving into a deeper understanding of the factors that influenced the exhibited culture in the organization. Hofstede’s IBM study developed linkages between personality and culture, by relating to individuals as components of societies, and organizations a resultant of both. Schein presented the notion of learning as a part of the organizational culture, and one of the building blocks that courted different operators in its assimilation and establishment. In both models, the common factor remains the individuals who form the organization, and in many ways are responsible for providing the behavioural traits to the company in order to portray a sense of belonging. The divergence in its  initiation relates to the variance held by Hofstede and Schein, with the former attributing the national culture being the driving force, while the latter focuses on the various actors who play a role in the creation of the organizational entity as the contributors to the culture of that establishment. While personality will play a part in the integration between the original and acquired culture, the need for understanding the dynamics which influence the occupational cultures is important in order to become aware of the human factor and its role in the process. References Hofstede, G. & McCrae, R. (2004) ‘Personality and Culture Revisited: Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture’, Cross-Cultural Research, Volume 38, No. 1, pp. 52 – 88 Schein, E. (1996) ‘Culture: The Missing Concept in Organization Studies’, Administrative Science Quarterly, Volume 41, Issue 2, pp. 229 – 240

AP English III

In this mock press release from The Onion, the author satirizes the way products are marketed to consumers. He seems to think that the methods used by advertisers are exaggerated and manipulative. The author shows his contempt for marketing techniques by using Irony, diction, and hyperboles. The use of Irony Is evident In this mock press release. The author uses this Irony to point out logical flaws sometimes seen In advertisements. For instance, a woman claims that â€Å"after wearing MagnaSoles for seven weeks, [she's] noticed a significant decrease in pain† (lines 59-60).Customer testimonials are often used as an advertising technique. However, this particular one is showing irony because the injury of a sprained ankle could clearly be healed by time in seven weeks†not necessarily because of some miracle product. The audience recognizes this irony and finds it humorous. Another irony that the author is showing is the description of an â€Å"intelligent-looking man in a white lab coat† (lines 67-68). This is ironic because he is not necessarily intelligent, he merely appears to be intelligent.This parodies the advertising technique of using actors to sell products, as opposed to actual certified pecialists. All of these examples of Irony clearly show misleading tactics of marketers. The authors use of comical dlctlon emphasizes the audacious tone that real advertisements use to sell their products. However, this author flouts that bold tone by use of sarcastic and exaggerated word choice. For example, he mocks the scientific words typically used by using made up words. He creates terms like â€Å"pain nuclei,† â€Å"kilofrankels,† and â€Å"comfortrons. By inserting this satirical diction, the author is creating a connection to scientific vocabulary typically used in advertising. Consumers are often misled by vocabulary that they are unfamiliar with, and this author is satirically proving that. Specifically, he uses the term â€Å"pseudoscience† which sounds, to an uninformed ear, like a legitimate field of study. However, a clever reader will understand that â€Å"pseudff' means fake, and therefore the very term means â€Å"fake science† (not legitimate). By using such exaggerated diction, the author proves his satirical point that people will believe anything that sounds scientific.The author of this mock press release also uses hyperbole to mock real advertisements by ointing out their exaggerations. The article contains a quote by the product's creator that claims it is â€Å"not just a shoe insert†it's a total foot rejuvenation system† (line 16-17). This is an exaggeration of what typical advertisements say about their product. All advertisers want to sell their product as a â€Å"cure-all. † Through hyperbole, this article is mocking this convention. In addition, the article claims that â€Å"if the frequency of one's foot is out of alignment with the Earth, th e entire body will suffer† (lines 43-45).This is clearly a fantasy fact because we know that your entire ody is not necessarily Impacted by the biomagnetic connection of your foot to the ground. The author's hyperbole serves to further prove that advertisements often use bombastic exaggeration. The satirical devices used by the author poke fun at real advertising techniques. Through scientific-sounding diction, strong, humorous hyperbole, and ludicrous Irony, the author effectively makes his point that marketing techniques are deceptive and somewhat shady. techniques by using irony, diction, and hyperboles. The use of irony is evident in this mock press release.The author uses this irony o point out logical flaws sometimes seen in advertisements. For instance, a woman specialists. All of these examples of irony clearly show misleading tactics of marketers. The author's use of comical diction emphasizes the audacious tone that reader will understand that â€Å"pseudo' means fa ke, and therefore the very term means that claims it is â€Å"not Just a shoe insert†it's a total foot rejuvenation system† (line body is not necessarily impacted by the biomagnetic connection of your foot to the hyperbole, and ludicrous irony, the author effectively makes his point that marketing